Acanthocardia echinata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Author: Steve Wilkinson on 5 December 2009

Description

Up to 60mm long, 60mm high, 45mm across, adults plump and round, perhaps a little produced posteriorly but not keeled. About 20 strong radial ribs, fewer in juveniles. Coarse concentric striations or riblets lie between and extend over the ribs. (N.B. not usually present in shells less than 10mm). A thin ridge along the ribs carries the spines which in larger specimens are close-set, stumpy, enrolled, usually broken often at the base and have been worn off
near the umbones. The ribs inside the shell appear as fluting which extends throughout. Adults are mottled or concentrically banded yellowish russet-brown, may be covered with a brown ferruginous deposit. Growth lines clear in some specimens but not in others. Teeth as for the group, the posterior lateral of the right valve may or may not be bifid or have a single accessory toothlet. Juveniles differ. They are oval, slightly longer than high, their spines long-based, tooth-like, delicate, over all the ribs. Concentric striations are not usually present in shells less than 10mm. Glistening translucent white and delicate, very beautiful. Animal cream-coloured to pink,
foot finger-shaped, finely striated lengthways, white under a flesh-coloured or vermilion skin, (juveniles white). Edible.

Key identification features

  • Ribs are decorated with spines (though may be worn)
  • Coarse concentric striations or ribliets lie between and extend over the ribs

Ecology

Burrows in sand, muddy sand and muddy gravel where it filters phytoplankton. Spat and small juveniles frequently lodged amongst small littoral and circa-littoral algae.

Distribution and status

CommonDistributed from Iceland and Norway south to the Iberian Peninsula and into the Mediterranean.

Outside of right valve
Image ©

Steve Wilkinson

All images copyright of the photographer - see "View image details".

Recorded UK distribution